Periodontal disease, or gum disease is caused by bacteria that collects at the gum line as dental plaque. The plaque needs to be removed by brushing and cleaning between the teeth twice a day. If not properly cleaned, the gum starts to come away from the tooth, forming pockets and the plaque grows down below the gum line. Over time, the bone that supports the teeth is destroyed, the gums shrink and eventually the teeth become wobbly and fall out.

Anyone can get gum disease, but there are certain factors that would put people at a higher risk than others. These include:

• Diabetes (especially if poorly controlled)
• Smoking
• Stress
• Poor diet lacking in vitamins and minerals
• Obesity
• Certain medications

Peridontal disease is often pain-free, so you may not know you have it until your dentist points it out. Signs you may notice could be:

• Bleeding gums when brushing or even whilst eating
• Red, swollen gums
• Bad breath
• Spaces appearing between teeth
• Loose teeth or teeth moving position in the mouth
• Receding gums

Periodontists specialise in diagnosing and treating gum disease. They perform deep cleanings, gum grafting and advanced treatments for gum disease. Periodontists are trained to perform surgical procedures, such as pocket reduction surgery, which are necessary for more complex cases.